Commentary: From Mandela, lessons in governing
Mohamed A. El-erian is a Bloomberg View columnist In stating that Republicans are "going through the inevitable growing pains of being an opposition party to becoming a governing party," House Speaker Paul Ryan identified a phenomenon that has challenged many new governments - and tripped up quite a few.
Mohamed A. El-erian
is a Bloomberg View columnist
In stating that Republicans are "going through the inevitable growing pains of being an opposition party to becoming a governing party," House Speaker Paul Ryan identified a phenomenon that has challenged many new governments - and tripped up quite a few.
It constitutes a test for President Trump, along with members of his team, who have no prior public-sector experience, and Republican leaders in Congress and at the state level. Their success in making the adjustment from politics to administration will have important economic, financial, institutional, political, and social implications.
What is taking place in the United States is reminiscent of a more general phenomenon that has repeatedly played out in the developing world. In particular, it has hit hard in countries seeking to pivot away from colonial rule - especially those where freedom fighters, invigorated by their triumph over the evil of deeply embedded discrimination, struggled and failed to deliver on their promise of social justice and more inclusive growth.
South Africa's Nelson Mandela is the best modern example of a leader who understood the hardest complexities of the transition from opposition to governing. In leading his country away from many years of repressive apartheid rule, one of his first challenges was to equip his new government with the ability to govern effectively, secure early wins, and sell to his citizens a vision that helped protect against unanticipated internal and external shocks.
From day one, Mandela looked past the senior set of likely government appointments and quickly developed and trained a new cadre of junior technocrats. He resisted the temptation to dismantle laws and institutions until credible alternatives had been designed and discussed. He set up a "truth and reconciliation" process that provided a basis for assessing the damage incurred during long decades of repressive minority rule, and thereby contained harmful blame games.
And, in one of the most remarkable examples of leadership and vision, he urged South Africans to live under the mantra of "forgiving but not forgetting." (In today's verbiage, he understood the need to work with the establishment even when the stated objective was to dismantle it.)
In doing all this, Mandela secured an important mix of coalitions among new and old that enabled his country to undertake a historical pivot without the violence and disruptions that crippled many other postcolonial transitions. He developed public-private partnerships to supplement meager government resources and to counter the flight of capital and talent out of the country.
And he worked hard - though, as subsequent developments (including today's crippling corruption and the incomplete corporate embrace of diversity) would prove, far from perfectly - on succession planning to ensure that the initial gains would serve as a foundation for more important ones down the road.
As they draw lessons from their defeat, Trump and Ryan would be well advised to take note of some of the lessons from Mandela's government experience - notwithstanding the very different circumstances of the United States. For example:
Reconciliation, rather than finger-pointing, needs to guide crisis management and communication. The effort cannot be limited to just engaging the antiestablishment wing of the Republican Party that went rogue on the health-care bill. Success will require making room for elements of the Democratic Party. Better preparation, sequencing, communication, and buy-in will be key to ensuring that other elements of the GOP legislative agenda, including tax reform, do not suffer a similar fate.
Ironically, the Trump administration doesn't have as much time as one would think, given that it has only been in office for two months. It needs to move quickly to extend the federal debt ceiling lest normal government operations be disrupted. Significant progress on tax reform, infrastructure, and the budget needs to be secured before lawmakers' attention turns to the midterm elections of 2018. It must be careful not to spook financial markets that, having given it the benefit of the doubt, have decoupled prices from fundamentals.
And it must convince the rest of the world, including worried allies and mischievous others, that its international efforts will not fall victim to the quick return of domestic political dysfunction.