What colleges are doing to be voter-friendly campuses

TEMPE, Ariz. - Students at Rollins College in Florida are designing custom "I voted" stickers for absentee voters. The University of Southern California has partnered with county officials to host voter registration events with prizes, games and free food. And at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the student government plans campuswide voter registration drives as well.

Across the country, groups and organizations promoting civic engagement among college students have spent hundreds - if not thousands - of hours trying to galvanize this large, yet often elusive, group of potential voters.

The Campus Vote Project, one of the most prominent college voter outreach groups, has launched an initiative to establish "voter-friendly" campuses. So far, more than 90 institutions, including Rollins, have agreed to commit to things such as hosting voter registration drives, inviting candidates to speak, or offering rides to the polls to increase voter education, registration and mobilization.

College students have the potential to influence elections. There were 17.3 million undergraduate students enrolled in degree-granting postsecondary institutions in 2014, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Experts predict that population will increase to 19.8 million by 2025.

Yet millennials have the lowest turnout rates of all the generations. The majority of college students are under 25, so they make up a significant part of that age group.

Experts have speculated on a number of reasons why college students don't vote: They don't feel connected to the community, don't like the candidates, or don't know enough about the issues.

But for many, not voting isn't because of apathy, but rather the hassle involved with registering to vote and casting their ballot while in college. They face hurdles including proof of residency, absentee ballot use, and voter identification. These issues tend to disproportionately affect college students because so many travel out of state for college.

"There's a whole group of states that are trying to make it harder and harder every year to get to the ballots," said Mike Burns, national director for nonpartisan Campus Vote Project, which focuses on informing and helping solve student voter issues. "It's stuff that boils down to a lack of information as opposed to a lack of interest."

University of Maryland, Baltimore County, student Sarah Lilly attended voter registration training in October 2015. Volunteers must be certified by the state or local elections office, and Lilly wanted to help host voter registration drives on campus.

Lilly said she was told by election officials that students could not register using a campus address because it is not a permanent residence. After meeting with civic leaders at the National Youth Feminist Leadership Conference in March, however, Lilly said, she realized that wasn't accurate.

"I was so furious," Lilly said. "I have never been so infuriated in my entire life."

States require voters to be residents before they can cast their ballots there, but each state has different rules and requirements. Some states require voters to show proof such as a utility bill, something students living in campus dorms wouldn't have. Other states require an ID that includes an address, but many students have driver's licenses from their hometown, not their college residence.

Burns said this "patchwork" of residency laws and voting requirements often confuses first-time voters and creates barriers for them.

In 1979, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed a ruling that holding college students to a different standard of residency than other people or requiring them to swear they will remain in the community after graduation violates the 26th Amendment in the case Symm v. United States.

"You don't have to say, 'I intend to return here forever,' " Burns said. "You don't need to know that you're going to be there after graduation. Because it's based on people's subjective intent, it's squishy."

Appalachian State University student Rachel Clay served as an election protection field coordinator for a campus program and organized poll watchers. She said she and her poll monitors witnessed students at her North Carolina school who had issues meeting voter residency requirements.

"We also have a lot of people that live on campus, and they weren't allowing students to use their on-campus address without proof of residency," Clay said. "And basically, they weren't accepting anything for proof of residency, so our on-campus students and our on-campus, out-of-state students didn't know what to do at all."

While Clay said this was in part because the election officials were unaware of the laws, it also was done because "the Board of Elections doesn't really want students to vote."

"Our polling officials, they are really not helpful," Clay said. "They misinform. They lie to students. They scare students away from voting provisionally, and they take really, really long to do everything. So our lines are super-duper long, and students just can't stand in line for two hours."

Watauga County Board of Elections Director Matthew Snyder said that when the board investigated the issue in March, it didn't find any "substantiating evidence" to Clay's claim.

Wheaton College student Melissa Gray said students faced similar trouble when they tried to use Illinois same-day registration to register for the presidential primary.

To get more of her classmates involved in voting in person, Gray set up a table with her brother, David, the day before the Illinois primary election to inform students about the same-day registration. However, David Gray said the students were told they didn't have the sufficient materials to prove their residency since they had post office box addresses.

"They told us that people don't live in their post office box, but why would we have a P.O. box if we don't live here?" David Gray said. "They were asking for a form of ID that no student has because we don't rent the dorms, they are part of our tuition."

The Federal Voter Registration form states that voter applicants must use their "home address," and voters can't use "a post office box or rural route without a box number."

According to Rock the Vote, college students who only have a post office box address can instead use their dorm address for voter registration. Students can sign an affidavit, or, in some cases, get a letter from a college's residential life office, to assert that they live at their dorm address.

David and Melissa Gray worked with the administration at Wheaton to send students a proof of residence document the afternoon of the primary. While many students were eventually able to vote, Melissa Gray said the process was bittersweet.

"The most inspirational part was the number of people who didn't give up on the three-hour process or longer," she said. "For those that didn't vote, you can't blame them because it turned out just as troublesome as they thought it would be."

Gray said students often want to vote where they go to school because of the early deadlines to request an absentee ballot from their home county.

"There are a lot of students that find absentee a hassle because you have to do it a long time in advance and turn it in on time," Gray said.

All 50 states plus Washington, D.C., offer absentee or mail-in ballots. However, some states make it more difficult than others. Twenty states require an excuse to get an absentee ballot. Delaware even requires voters to have a section of the form notarized.

While more states now require IDs at the polls, many don't accept student IDs as a valid form. Nine states never accept student IDs, and 21 others only accept them if they meet certain criteria such as an address or expiration date.

One University of Michigan study indicated that the number of people getting a driver's license - the most common form of accepted ID at the polls - has declined. In fact, many in younger generations have said they never plan on getting a license. Why? They're too busy. It's too expensive to own a car. They can catch a ride from others, according to another University of Michigan study.

Sally Rohrer, a student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said the extra step to obtain a valid photo ID in her state created a hassle.

Rohrer had worked with university administrators to bring machines onto campus that would print a valid Wisconsin state ID card for voting, since their student IDs would not work. Rohrer said they issued thousands of cards.

Once students got to the polls, however, Rohrer said they also had to prove that they were enrolled at the university. According to the Wisconsin voter ID website, a "university, college or technical college ID must be accompanied by a separate document that proves enrollment."

Rohrer tried to get administrators to issue new student IDs that would meet the voter ID requirements - to no avail. "They were really adamant about not changing, mostly from our chancellor," Rohrer said.

In a statement on her blog, chancellor Rebecca Blank said the change would be expensive and inconvenience those who did not need the voter ID card.

Rohrer didn't agree: "It was basically like one of her excuses was that students don't vote anyways, which was frustrating."

Natalie Griffin, Amber Reece and Taylor Gilmore of News 21 contributed to this article.