It's common knowledge that eating more slowly helps a person eat less. New research accepted for publication in the January issue of the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism provides an explanation.
They found that eating quickly curtails the release of hormones in the gut that induce feelings of being full.
Normally, gut hormones called peptides are released after a meal, triggering the brain to induce a feeling of being full.
Alexander Kokkinos of Laiko General Hospital in Athens, Greece, and his colleagues gave test subjects the same test meal - 300 milliliters of ice cream, or about a cup and a quarter - and instructed them to eat it at different rates. They took blood samples to measure glucose, insulin, plasma lipids, and gut hormones before the meal and at 30-minute intervals afterward, ending 210 minutes later.
They found that people who took the full 30 minutes to finish the ice cream had both higher concentrations of the peptides and a higher fullness rating.
- Sandy Bauers
Although 91 percent of 1,212 physicians questioned about their screening practices said they were influenced by guidelines, only 22 percent were following current guidelines, which call for most women to get Pap smears every two or three years rather than annually.
What's more, obstetrician-gynecologists - the doctors who should be most aware of the guidelines - were least likely to adhere to them. About 84 percent of ob-gyns were doing too many Pap tests, compared to 72 percent of internal medicine doctors, and 79 percent of family practitioners.
The study appeared in the Nov. 3 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine. - Marie McCullough
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh surveyed 12,009 smokers who switched to low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes in 2002 and 2003 and found that while they were more likely to attempt to quit than nonswitchers, they were less likely to succeed.
The researchers concluded that switching should be discouraged particularly as a step toward quitting smoking.
In another study published in the Archives of General Psychiatry, researchers from the University of Wisconsin compared five smoking- cessation treatments, including nicotine lozenges, nicotine patches, and the antidepressant bupropion sold as Zyban.
The study found that all five approaches were more effective at helping smokers quit than placebo. A combination of nicotine patches and lozenges was the most effective treatment, according to the randomized study of 1,504 adults who were described as motivated to quit. - Josh Goldstein
Millions of people use pain medications all the time to deal with chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. And they are frequently taken, sometimes in advance, for minor fever, pain, and inflammation that may accompany vaccination. The researchers say they should be avoided around this time.
The reason for the reduced antibody response is not well understood and appears to be different for different classes of pain relievers, University of Rochester researchers wrote this year in the journal Cellular Immunology.
A Czech study published last month in The Lancet concluded that giving acetaminophen before vaccination dulled the immune response against numerous diseases and should "no longer be routinely recommended without careful weighing of the expected benefits and risks." - Don Sapatkin
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