d. "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. . . . Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly."

9. In what essay did Thoreau offer the following? "I am astonished to observe how willing men are to lumber their minds with such rubbish - to permit idle rumors and incidents of the most insignificant kind to intrude on ground which should be sacred to thought. Shall the mind be a public arena, where the affairs of the street and the gossip of the tea-table chiefly are discussed? Or shall it be a quarter of heaven itself - an hypaethral temple, consecrated to the service of the gods?"

a. "Life Without Principle."

b. "On the Passing of Michael Jackson."

c. "Walden."

d. "Whither MSNBC?"

10. When Thoreau died in 1862, age 44, one longtime friend wrote this as part of a lengthy eulogy: "Had his genius been only contemplative, he had been fitted to his life, but with his energy and practical ability he seemed born for great enterprise and for command; and I so much regret the loss of his rare powers of action, that I cannot help counting it a fault in him that he had no ambition." Who wrote it?

a. Walt Whitman.

b. Ralph Waldo Emerson.

c. Louisa May Alcott.

d. Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Answers: C3.